During the winter months, residential fires are more prevalent than they are in the spring or summer. This is due in part to an increase in the number of cooking and heating fires.

In an average year, heating is the cause of 17 percent of structure fires; however, during the winter, heating fires jump to 27 percent of structure fires. Heating fires are concentrated in late fall through mid-winter (December–February), during winter holidays and the coldest months. Since colder temperatures result in longer operating time for heating equipment, there is more opportunity for that equipment to cause a fire.

The following fire safety tips can help you maintain a fire-safe home this winter.

Wood Stove and Fireplaces

Wood stoves and fireplaces are becoming a very common heat source in homes. Careful attention to safety can minimize their fire hazard.

To use them safely:

    Be sure the fireplace or stove is installed properly.  Wood stoves should have adequate clearance (36 inches) from combustible surfaces and proper floor support and protection.

       Wood stoves should be of good quality, solid construction, and design.  Purchase wood stoves evaluated by a nationally recognized laboratory, such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

    Have the chimney inspected annually and cleaned if necessary, especially if it has not been used for some time.

    Do not use flammable liquids to start or accelerate any fire.

       Keep a glass or metal screen in front of the fireplace opening, to prevent embers or sparks from jumping out, unwanted material from going in, and help prevent the possibility of burns to occupants.

       The stove should be burned hot twice a day for 15-30 minutes to reduce the amount of creosote buildup.

       Don’t use excessive amounts of paper to build roaring fires in fireplaces.  It is possible to ignite creosote in the chimney by overbuilding the fire.

       Never burn charcoal indoors.  Burning charcoal can give off lethal amounts of carbon monoxide.

       Keep flammable materials away from your fireplace mantel.  A spark from the fireplace could easily ignite these materials.

       Before you go to sleep, be sure your fireplace fire is out.  NEVER close your damper with hot ashes in the fireplace.  A closed damper will help the fire to heat up again and will force toxic carbon monoxide into the house.

       If synthetic logs are used, follow the directions on the package.  NEVER break a synthetic log apart to quicken the fire or use more than one log at a time.  They often burn unevenly, releasing higher levels of carbon monoxide.

Furnaces

It is important that you have your furnace inspected to ensure that it is in good working condition.

       Be sure all furnace controls and emergency shutoffs are in proper working condition.

       Do not attempt repairs yourself:  leave furnace repairs to qualified specialists.

       Inspect the walls and ceiling near the furnace and along the chimney line.  If the wall is hot or discolored, additional pipe insulation or clearance may be required.

       Check the flue pipe and pipe seams.  Are they well supported and free of holes and cracks?  Soot along or around seams may be an indicator of a leak.

       Is the chimney solid, with cracks or loose bricks?  All unused flue openings should be sealed with solid masonry.

       Keep trash and other combustibles away from the heating system.

Kerosene Heaters

       Be sure your heater is in good working condition.  Inspect exhaust parts for carbon buildup.  Be sure the heater has an emergency shut off in case the heater is tipped over.

       Never use fuel burning appliances without proper room venting.  Burning fuel (coal, kerosene, or propane for example) can produce deadly fumes.  Use ONLY the fuel recommended by the heater manufacturer.  NEVER introduce a fuel into a unit not designed for that type fuel. 

       Keep kerosene, or other flammable liquids stored in approved metal containers, in well ventilated storage areas, outside of the house.

       NEVER fill the heater while it is operating or hot.  Follow manufacturer’s instructions. When refueling an oil or kerosene unit, avoid overfilling. Cold fuel may expand in the tank as it warms up.

       Refueling should be done outside of the home (or outdoors).  Keep young children away from space heaters – especially when they are wearing pajamas or other loose clothing that can be easily ignited.

       When using a fuel burning appliance in the bedroom, be sure there is proper ventilation to prevent a buildup of carbon monoxide.

Always be sure that every level of your home has a working smoke alarm, and be sure to test and clean it on a monthly basis. Plan and practice a home escape plan with your family.